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Nepal

New or Updated NDC

Analysis of New NDC
Timeframe 

January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2030, with an aim to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050

Relevant context 

Mountainous, land locked LDC that has contributed little to global warming but suffers greatly from it

Process for developing NDC 

This NDC was developed through an inclusive, participatory process with a series of consultations at both the national and provincial level. There was a team of experts who reviewed overarching and sectoral policies, strategies, and programs, and coordinated the gathering of data and performing analysis. Assessments were then verified through consultations at both national and provincial levels amongst line ministries, experts, Local Peoples, women, Indigenous Peoples, and youth.

The reviewed targets served as inputs for the technical work, such as the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) modelling for building scenarios and projections. The output of the technical work and inputs from consultations were further reviewed and verified by the NDC Working Committee, established by the Ministry of Forests and Environment, and comprising representatives from government agencies and relevant experts. Furthermore, the NDC was discussed at the Inter-Ministerial Coordination Committee on Climate Change (IMCCCC) and shared with respective line ministries and civil society organizations for formal input. Finally, it was submitted to the Cabinet for approval.

Description of Monitoring and/or Implementation Mechanism 

Implementation activities will be integrated under the fiscal budget as various subsidy policies, projects, or programs. The targets are said to be aligned with Nepal’s current policies and plans. An actual mechanism is not listed, but it is stated that Nepal will prepare an NDC implementation framework. This framework shall include capacity building, knowledge management, an institutional mechanism, communication and coordination, finance, and tools and models to aid in inclusive decision-making during planning and implementation of activities. 

Summary of gender reference 

Nepal’s NDC considers gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) as a cross-cutting area, primarily as relates to adaptation-related thematic areas. Key GESI commitments include:

  • By 2021, a GESI and Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan and Climate Resilient Planning and Budgeting Guidelines will be formulated;
  • By 2025, a strategy and action plan on gender-responsive climate-smart technologies and practices will be prepared and implemented;
  • By 2030, develop an Action Plan for integrating GESI in achieving NDC targets;
    • Develop specific programs with dedicated resources (human and financial) to ensure full, equal and meaningful participation of women, children, youth, Indigenous Peoples and marginalized groups in climate change-related policy development; and during the planning, monitoring and implementation processes at local, provincial and national levels;
    • Promote the leadership, participation and negotiation capacity of women, Indigenous Peoples and youth in climate change fora;
    • Ensure gender-disaggregated data when reporting on progress and achievements.
  • By 2030, all 753 local governments will prepare and implement climate-resilient and gender-responsive adaptation plans. The plans will address climate change and disaster vulnerability and risks and prioritize adaptation and disaster risk reduction and management measures focusing on women, differently-abled, children, senior citizens, youth, Indigenous Peoples, economically deprived communities and people residing in climate-vulnerable geographical areas.
Gender Analysis Summary
Submitted NDC
Submitted language
Submitted translation
NDC commitments
Mitigation
Adaptation
Type of support
Conditional
Unconditional
Participatory process for NDC development mentioned
Yes
Monitoring and/or implementation
Implementation
Reference to women/gender
Yes
Gender Tags
Context of gender reference
Adaptation
Mitigation

Analysis of Original NDC

Timeframe 

Now until 2050

Relevant context 

LDC that is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and currently experiencing loss and damage.

Process for developing NDC 

Nepal has prepared its NDC in the process of implementing the decisions of the Conference of the Parties (COP) through a broad-based stakeholder consultation processes.

Description of Monitoring and/or Implementation Mechanism 

Nepal has established coordination mechanisms at highest political level for necessary policy guidance and coordination and at local level for implementation on the ground. Establishment of Climate Change Council, Climate Change Coordination Committee and REDD Coordination and Monitoring Committee at the political levels and Multi-stakeholder Climate Change Initiatives Coordination Committee and REDD Working Group chaired by Secretaries of the concerned ministries provide guidance, ensure coordination and function to align climate change with development activities. The REDD Multi-Stakeholder Forum acts as an outreach and communication platform. The climate change networks managed by civil society organizations also contribute to generating and sharing knowledge on climate change and its impacts.

Other concepts mentioned 
human rights
Summary of gender reference 

In relation to the broadly relevant policy frameworks, it refers to the Nepal Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (2014-2020). The Strategy recognizes legitimate rights of all Nepali people including indigenous people and local communities, women, Dalits and other disadvantaged social groups over local biological resources.

Gender Analysis Summary
Submitted NDC
Submitted language
Submitted translation
NDC commitments
Mitigation
Adaptation
Type of support
Conditional
Unconditional
Participatory process for NDC development mentioned
Yes
Monitoring and/or implementation
Monitoring
Implementation
Reference to women/gender
Yes
Gender Tags

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2023

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Citation 

International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA), Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact Foundation (AIPP), Center for Support of Indigenous Peoples of the North (CSIPN), Nepal Federation of Indigenous Nationalities (NEFIN), and the Organización Nacional de Mujeres Indígenas Andinas y Amazónicas del Perú (ONAMIAP). (2023). A Call from Indigenous Peoples: Weaving a Human Rights-based Approach in Loss and Damage. UNFCCC COP28 Side Event.

No Climate Justice Without Gender Equality and Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights

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The Danish Family Planning Association, Danish 92 Group - Forum for Sustainable Development, and International Planned Parenthood Federation. (2023). No Climate Justice Without Gender Equality and Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights. UNFCCC COP28 Side Event.

Nepal: Rural and Indigenous Women Advocating for Gender Responsive Budgeting to Tackle Climate Catastrophe

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2022

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The Asia Pacific Forum on Women, Law and Development (APWLD). (2022). Nepal: Rural and Indigenous Women Advocating for Gender Responsive Budgeting to Tackle Climate Catastrophe. Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA)

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2021

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Smith, D., Olosky, L., Grosman Fernández, J. (2021, January). The Climate-Gender-Conflict Nexus (Rep.). Retrieved https://giwps.georgetown.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/The-Climate-Gender-Conflict-Nexus.pdf

Boîte à Outils Pour Un Processus D’Elaboration et de Mise En Oeuvre de Plans Nationaux D’Adaptation (PNA) Qui Répond aux Questions de Genre

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2019

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Citation 

Réseau mondial de PNA & CCNUCC. (2019). Boîte à outils pour un processus d’élaboration et de mise en œuvre de plans nationaux d’adaptation (PNA) qui répond aux questions de genre. Dazé, A., et Church, C. (auteurs principaux). Winnipeg : Institut international du développement durable. Récupéré de www.napglobalnetwork.org

Gender in National Adaptation Planning and Implementation

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Year 

2019

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Citation 

Practical Action. (2019). Gender in National Adaptation Planning and Implementation (responding to the call for submission from the Adaptation Committee on how to mainstream gender considerations into national adaptation planning and implementation) UNFCCC submission in Response to the Mandate Included in the workplan of the Adaptation Committee for the years 2019-2021.

Juego de herramientas para un proceso de formulación e implementación de planes nacionales de adaptación (PNAD) con perspectiva de género

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2019

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Citation 

Red Global del PNAD y CMNUCC (2019). Juego de herramientas para un proceso de formulación e implementación de Planes Nacionales de Adaptación (PNAD) con perspectiva de género. Dazé, A. y Church, C. (autores principales). Winnipeg: Instituto Internacional para el Desarrollo Sostenible.

Toolkit for a Gender-Responsive Process to Formulate and Implement National Adaptation Plans (NAPs)

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Year 

2019

Country 

Citation 

NAP Global Network & UNFCCC. (2019). Toolkit for a gender-responsive process to formulate and implement National Adaptation Plans (NAPs). Dazé, A., and Church, C. (lead authors). Winnipeg: International Institute for Sustainable Development. Retrieved from www.napglobalnetwork.org

Inclusion of Gender Issue in REDD+: Experiences from REDD+ Pilot Implementation in Nepal

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Year 

2018

Country 

Citation 

Bhandari, T. S., Timalsina, N., Pant, B., Laudari, H. K., Bhattarai, S., Wagle, R., ... & Karky, B. S. (2018). Inclusion of Gender Issue in REDD+: Experiences from REDD+ Pilot Implementation in Nepal. Journal of Forest and Livelihood, 17, 1.

Empower Generation: Combatting Gender Inequality and Energy Poverty through Women-Led Social Businesses

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2017

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Citation 

Women and Gender Constituency. (2017). Empower Generation: Combatting Gender Inequality and Energy Poverty through Women-Led Social Businesses. http://womengenderclimate.org/gjc_solutions/empower-generation-combatting-gender-inequality-and-energy-poverty-through-women-led-social-businesses/.

Gender Integration in REDD+ and ERPD in Nepal - Assessment Report & Gender Action Plan

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Year 

2017

Country 

Citation 

Shrestha, S., Magar, R. A., Thakali, S., Gurung, D. D., & Gurung, J. (2017). Gender Integration in REDD+ and ERPD in Nepal: Assessment Report and Gender Action Plan (Publication). Kathmandu, Nepal: Women Organizing for Change in Agriculture and Natural Resource Management; For Forest Partnership Facility/World Bank.

Submission by Nepal on possible elements of the Gender Action Plan (GAP) under the Lima Work Programme on Gender to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (Mandate 21/CP.22, paragraph 30)

Download

Year 

2017

Country 

Citation 

Nepal. (2017). Submission by Nepal on possible elements of the Gender Action Plan (GAP) under the Lima Work Programme on Gender to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. UNFCCC Submission Mandate 21/CP.22, paragraph 30.

Aider les femmes agricultrices à vivre le changement climatique: cinq recommandations politiques

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Year 

2015

Country 

Citation 

Huyer S, Twyman J, Koningstein M, Ashby J, Vermeulen S. 2015. Aider les femmes agricultrices à vivre le changement climatique: cinq recommandations politiques. CCAFS Policy Brief no. 10. Copenhague, Danemark: Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur le changement climatique, l’agriculture et la sécurité alimentaire (CCAFS). Disponible en ligne à: www.ccafs.cgiar.org

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