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Cambodia

New or Updated NDC

Analysis of Updated NDC
Timeframe 

2020-2030

Relevant context 

Cambodia is classified as one of the “very high” impact countries by the World Risk Index in 2019 due to its exposure and vulnerability to climate change. This agrarian-based economy country is extremely vulnerable to frequent floods, irregular rainfall, windstorms, and seawater intrusion. Climate emergency is regarded by this developing country as a “threat multiplier” as it exacerbates the pre-existing socioeconomic conditions (e.g., poverty, malnutrition and poor public health) and results in losses and damages (e.g., human lives, livelihoods, national economy, and degradation of natural resources).

Similar to Cambodia’s INDC, this updated NDC prioritizes adaptation. The key updates of this NDC include: (i) expanded coverage to include mitigation targets in the agriculture and waste sectors, and stronger set of adaptation actions; (ii) increased level of ambition for GHG emissions reduction and targets in the Forestry and Land Use (FOLU) sector; (iii) special attention to gender and vulnerable groups; and (iv) the development of a measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) framework.

 

Process for developing NDC 

It was acknowledged that the process for the formulation of the INDC did not adequately analyze crucial areas such as gender, youth involvement and the private sector. Thus, for the development of this updated NDC, extensive consultations in a gender-responsive way were carried out with stakeholders (e.g., relevant ministries and agencies, civil society including women-focused NGOs, UN agencies, development partners, academia, and local communities and indigenous peoples) over a nine-month period. The NGO Forum became a platform for civil society to engage in the updated NDC formulation and implementation. Also, a private sector event was conducted and attended by stakeholders from different sectors. 

The overarching policies guiding the NDC updating process are the Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan (CCCSP) 2014-2023 and the related Sectoral Action Plans (CCPAs). This updated NDC is aligned with Cambodia’s Sustainable Development Goals (CSDGs) 2016-2030, the National Strategic Plan on Green Growth (NSPGG) 2013-2030, the Rectangular Strategy IV, the National Strategic Development Plan (NSDP) 2019-2023, and the Circular Economy Strategy and Action Plan. The preparation of this updated NDC also takes into account key sectoral policies and strategies, namely the National Protected Area Strategic Management Plan 2017-2031, the National Cooling Plan, the National REDD+ Strategy 2017-2021, the National REDD+ Action and Investment Plan 2019, the National Energy Efficiency Policy, the National Environment Strategy and Action Plan 2016-2023, and the Strategic Planning Framework for Fisheries 2010-2019.

 

Description of Monitoring and/or Implementation Mechanism 

There is a NDC Roadmap and a National Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for Climate Change Response, including for finance. An integrated measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) system will be developed to monitor the implementation of this updated NDC. This system will spell out how monitoring is done, and how data--particularly on gender and vulnerable groups--is used and translated into reports.

A user-friendly online NDC tracking system will also be developed. This system will serve as a data repository and track all data needs for the local stakeholders and international agencies.

During the implementation of this NDC, the Government of Cambodia is committed to safeguarding the rights of the indigenous peoples, particularly on land ownership and respecting their traditional knowledge.

An overview of the means of implementation in terms of finance, capacity-building and technology is provided. For finance, about US$5.8 billion is needed for mitigation actions and about US$2 billion is needed for adaptation actions. Majority of sectoral mitigation and adaptation actions are conditional upon international support. For upcoming resource mobilization, Cambodia is considering a reasonable mix of national and international funds as well as a market mechanism in line with Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. A climate investment plan will be developed under the NDC Roadmap.

For capacity-building, capacity needs for the implementation of this updated NDC are presented according to ministries. For the MOWA, there is a need for capacity strengthening on the concept of gender, gender analysis and gender-responsive budgeting; technical support for monitoring and evaluation and finance, as well as gender safeguards for mitigation measures implementation.

For technology, a detailed technology needs according to ministries is provided in the Annex.

 

Summary of gender reference 

The inclusion of gender considerations is evident in this updated NDC compared to the INDC. Gender is mainstreamed in the development, implementation, and budgeting of this updated NDC. Gender integration is observed in the following: (i) the CCCSP’s strategic objective reads “to reduce sectoral, regional, gender vulnerability and health risks to climate change impacts,” (ii) a Gender and Climate Change Committee was established under the Ministry of Women’s Affairs (MOWA), (iii) climate change, green growth and disaster risk management are integrated into the National Policy on Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment.

The detailed adaptation and mitigation measures—provided in the Annexes--take into account gender as well as how each measure contributes to the SDGs, including SDG 5 on Gender Equality. Key adaptation and mitigation measures have targets to maintain gender balance and increase women’s participation (ranging between 15% to 70%). Sex-disaggregated data will  be collected to measure the success of gender targets such as women’s participation, involvement in climate-related decision making, and access to skills and technology. For training, a gender-based needs approach will  be utilized as well as the training of trainers and women champions in order to reach more women and to ensure they benefit equally from the implemented measures.

Gender-related enabling actions for the implementation of this NDC are as such: (i) strengthen the institutional capacities at the national and sub-national levels for gender-responsive integration, (ii) enhance sectoral ministries’ monitoring and evaluation systems to track gender outcomes, and (iii) design technical guidelines for gender mainstreaming.

Gender Analysis Summary
Submitted NDC
Submitted language
Submitted translation
NDC commitments
Mitigation
Adaptation
Type of support
Conditional
Unconditional
Participatory process for NDC development mentioned
Yes
Monitoring and/or implementation
Monitoring
Implementation
Reference to women/gender
Yes
Gender Tags
Context of gender reference
Adaptation
Mitigation

Analysis of Original NDC

Timeframe 

2020-2030

Relevant context 

LDC, low emitter and highly vulnerable country to the negative effects of climate change.

Process for developing NDC 

The INDC has been developed under the coordination of the National Council for Sustainable Development. An INDC Preparation Team has been appointed, with representatives from relevant ministries that will be responsible for the implementation of the specific actions identified.

Description of Monitoring and/or Implementation Mechanism 

Monitoring and evaluation system includes indicators to measure progress, including INDC implementation, both for adaptation and mitigation. A national M&E framework for adaptation will be developed, while activities to operationalize it in key sectors have already begun. Expecting stock-taking of progress and lessons learned in 2018 for the development of the action plans for the subsequent period.

Summary of gender reference 

Cambodia’s Climate Change Strategic Plan includes a strategic objective to ‘reduce sectoral, regional, gender vulnerability and health risks to climate change impacts’.

Gender Analysis Summary
Submitted NDC
Submitted language
Submitted translation
NDC commitments
Mitigation
Adaptation
Type of support
Conditional
Participatory process for NDC development mentioned
No
Monitoring and/or implementation
Monitoring
Implementation
Reference to women/gender
Yes
Gender Tags

Related News

Related Resources

Guide to strengthening gender integration in climate finance projects. A practical guide to setting targets and monitoring progress.

Download

Year 

2021

Country 

Citation 

Dupar, M. and P. Velasco. (2021). Advancing gender equality and climate action: A practical guide to setting targets and monitoring progress. Cape Town: Climate and Development Knowledge Network.

Women’s Participation and the Gender Perspective in Sustainable Forestry in Cambodia: Local Perceptions and the Context of Forestry Research

Download

Year 

2019

Country 

Citation 

Nhem, S., & Lee, Y. J. (2019). Women’s participation and the gender perspective in sustainable forestry in Cambodia: local perceptions and the context of forestry research. Forest Science and Technology, 15(3), 93-110 DOI: 10.1080/21580103.2019.1595174

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