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Viet Nam

New or Updated NDC

Analysis of Updated NDC
Timeframe 

January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2030

Relevant context 

Developing country that is considered highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change

Process for developing NDC 

An inter-sectoral working group, headed by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, was responsible for the updates in the NDC. This update drew from national consultation workshops, and other workshops to review their tasks and identify implementation methods. Participants of these workshops included scientists, Ministries, sectors, localities, NGOs, research agencies, enterprises, and international development partners.

Description of Monitoring and/or Implementation Mechanism 

An entire section is dedicated to measures to promote the Updated NDC’s implementation, but there is no law or national strategy that the document points to. The updated NDC mentions what needs to take place in general to achieve successful implementation. Developing and improving policies and institutions related to climate change mitigation and adaptation to develop these mechanisms is mentioned. Communication, education, and awareness raising of climate change mitigation and adaptation is also listed as a measure. Finally, efficient development and application of human, technological and financial resources is listed.

In regard to monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the NDC, this is said to be carried out at the local, sectoral, and national level. Additionally, socio-political and other organizations are encouraged to participate in the independent monitoring and evaluation of implementing the updated NDC. The monitoring and evaluation of implementing mitigation activities of this updated NDC shall be reflected in Viet Nam’s National Communication, Biennial Update Reports and Biennial Transparency reports, all of which are submitted to the UNFCCC secretariat.

Summary of gender reference 

Viet Nam addresses gender in the following ways:

  • Adaptation: Climate change, increased natural disasters and climate extremes produce different impacts on women and men. While men are exposed to more risks due to their involvement in search and rescue operations, women are generally more vulnerable to health and socio-economic problems;
  • Climate-induced risks: The poor, ethnic minority groups, people whose livelihoods depend on the climate, the elderly, women, children, and people with chronic illnesses have the highest level of vulnerability. Women, especially ethnic minority women, are highly vulnerable due to limited access to education and fewer opportunities to participate in non-farm employment;
  • Public health: Increased temperatures, hot and prolonged heat waves, air pollution, as well as other climate extremes negatively affect human health, leading to increased vulnerability especially among the elderly, women, children and people with existing conditions;
  • Loss and damage: Since the end of 2014, increased temperatures due to the impact of El Niño have caused drought and saline intrusion, seriously damaging production activities and people's lives, including those of women.
Vietnam Updated NDC
Gender Analysis Summary
Submitted NDC
Yes
Submitted language
English
Submitted translation
No
NDC commitments
Mitigation
Adaptation
Type of support
Conditional
Unconditional
Participatory process for NDC development mentioned
Yes
Monitoring and/or implementation
Monitoring
Implementation
Reference to women/gender
Yes
Gender Tags
GS
WVG
Context of gender reference
Adaptation

Analysis of Original NDC

Timeframe 

2021-2030

Relevant context 

Developing country that is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.

Process for developing NDC 

Vietnam's NDC has been developed with the participation and contributions from different line ministries, non-governmental organisations, research institutions, business sector representatives as well as international development partners.

Description of Monitoring and/or Implementation Mechanism 

The monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the GHG mitigation component to achieve the mitigation goals formulated in the INDC will be reflected in Viet Nam's National Communications and Biennial Updated Reports submitted to the UNFCCC.

Climate change adaptation activities until 2030 will be evaluated based on the following key indicators:

  • At least 90% of Socio-Economic Development Plans have integrated disaster risk management and climate change adaptation;
  • The average national poverty rate is lowered 2%/year; in poor districts and communes it is lowered by 4%/year;
  • 100% of piers and boat storm shelters are constructed, and 100% of offshore fishing boats and ships have sufficient communication equipment;
  • Forest coverage increases to 45%; the area of protection forest in coastal areas is increased to 380,000 hectares, including 20,000 to 50,000ha of additional mangrove planting;
  • At least 90% of city-dwellers and 80% of rural inhabitants have access to clean water; 
  • 100% of the population has access to health care services.

The monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the adaptation component will be reflected in Viet Nam's National Communications and Biennial Updated Reports submitted to the UNFCCC.

Summary of gender reference 

Under "Need to include an adaptation component in Viet Nam's NDC," "The NDC is an official and important channel for conveying information and experience in adaptation, including sharing risks and damages, to the international community. The National Climate Change Strategy has identified that priorities are food security, energy security, water security, poverty reduction, gender equality, social security, public health, livelihood improvements and the protection of natural resources."

Under "Climate Change Adaptation until 2020," it states "Climate change adaptation must be linked to sustainable development and the transition towards a low-carbon economy, and to ensure a systematic, joint, interdisciplinary, interregional approach, and incorporate gender equality, hunger eradication and poverty reduction.

Viet Nam NDC
Gender Analysis Summary
Submitted NDC
Yes
Submitted language
English
Submitted translation
No
NDC commitments
Mitigation
Adaptation
Type of support
Conditional
Unconditional
Participatory process for NDC development mentioned
Yes
Monitoring and/or implementation
Monitoring
Implementation
Reference to women/gender
Yes
Gender Tags
GS
Context of gender reference
Adaptation

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Vietnam: Rural and Indigenous Women Combating Disasters and Unmasking False Climate Solutions

Report Download

Author 

  • The Asia Pacific Forum on Women, Law and Development (APWLD)

Year 

2022

Country 

Citation 

The Asia Pacific Forum on Women, Law and Development (APWLD). (2022). Vietnam: Rural and Indigenous Women Combating Disasters and Unmasking False Climate Solutions. Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA)
Agriculture & Land Indigenous Peoples Women’s Participation and Leadership

Women’s Land Rights as a Pathway to Poverty Reduction: A Framework and Review of Available Evidence

Article Download

Author 

  • Ruth Suseela Meinzen-Dick, Agnes R. Quisumbing, Cheryl R. Doss, Sophie Theis

Year 

2017

Country 

Citation 

Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela; Quisumbing, Agnes R.; Doss, Cheryl R.; and Theis, Sophie. 2017. Women’s land rights as a pathway to poverty reduction: A framework and review of available evidence. IFPRI Discussion Paper 1663. Washington, D.C. http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/131359
Conflict, Displacement, and/or Migration Women’s Participation and Leadership

Aider les femmes agricultrices à vivre le changement climatique: cinq recommandations politiques

Policy Brief Download

Author 

  • Sophia Huyer, Jennifer Twyman, Manon Koningstein, Jacqueline Ashby, and Sonja Vermeulen.

Year 

2015

Country 

Citation 

Huyer S, Twyman J, Koningstein M, Ashby J, Vermeulen S. 2015. Aider les femmes agricultrices à vivre le changement climatique: cinq recommandations politiques. CCAFS Policy Brief no. 10. Copenhague, Danemark: Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur le changement climatique, l’agriculture et la sécurité alimentaire (CCAFS). Disponible en ligne à: www.ccafs.cgiar.org
Agriculture & Land Policy
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