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Holy See

New or Updated NDC

Analysis of New NDC

Timeframe

May 2023 – end 2030

Relevant context

This NDC is the Holy See’s commitment to emissions reduction solely within the territory of the Vatican City State. When the Holy See ratified--in the name and on behalf of the Vatican City State--the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement, the Vatican City State became a non-Annex I Party on 4 October 2022. The Vatican City State is unique compared to other States as this State does not have its own production and manufacturing sector. For energy resources, this State is highly dependent on imported fuel and it also produces a negligible amount of renewable energy. Thus, this NDC focuses mainly on mitigation.

The difference between the Holy See and the Vatican City State is explained in this NDC. The Holy See is a “sovereign subject of international law” and “enjoys the same rights and obligations as other States and it is independent from any territorial authority or jurisdiction. Though the Holy See is not territorial in nature, it “exercises sovereignty” over the territory of the Vatican City State.

Process for developing NDC

There is no mention of a development process in this NDC.

Description of Monitoring and/or Implementation Mechanism

There is no mention of monitoring and evaluation in this NDC.

Although there is no mention of an implementation mechanism, some environmental management projects have been designed and implemented to reduce energy consumption, reduce emissions of substances harmful to global warming and the ozone layer, encourage recycling, and improve water resource management.

Summary of gender reference

There is no gender reference in this NDC.

As a note, when the Holy See became a signatory to the UNFCCC, it made a declaration that: (i) its position on the term ‘gender’ is that “any reference to ‘gender’ and related terms in any document that has been or that will be adopted by the Conference of State Parties or by its subsidiary bodies is to be understood as grounded on the biological sexual identity that is male and female,” and (ii) it “up holds and promotes a holistic and integrated approach that is firmly centered on the human dignity and integral development of every person.”

Holy See NDC

Analysis of Original NDC

Timeframe

May 2023 – end 2030

Relevant context

This NDC is the Holy See’s commitment to emissions reduction solely within the territory of the Vatican City State. When the Holy See ratified--in the name and on behalf of the Vatican City State--the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement, the Vatican City State became a non-Annex I Party on 4 October 2022. The Vatican City State is unique compared to other States as this State does not have its own production and manufacturing sector. For energy resources, this State is highly dependent on imported fuel and it also produces a negligible amount of renewable energy. Thus, this NDC focuses mainly on mitigation.

The difference between the Holy See and the Vatican City State is explained in this NDC. The Holy See is a “sovereign subject of international law” and “enjoys the same rights and obligations as other States and it is independent from any territorial authority or jurisdiction. Though the Holy See is not territorial in nature, it “exercises sovereignty” over the territory of the Vatican City State.

Process for developing NDC

There is no mention of a development process in this NDC.

Description of Monitoring and/or Implementation Mechanism

There is no mention of monitoring and evaluation in this NDC.

Although there is no mention of an implementation mechanism, some environmental management projects have been designed and implemented to reduce energy consumption, reduce emissions of substances harmful to global warming and the ozone layer, encourage recycling, and improve water resource management.

Summary of gender reference

There is no gender reference in this NDC.

As a note, when the Holy See became a signatory to the UNFCCC, it made a declaration that: (i) its position on the term ‘gender’ is that “any reference to ‘gender’ and related terms in any document that has been or that will be adopted by the Conference of State Parties or by its subsidiary bodies is to be understood as grounded on the biological sexual identity that is male and female,” and (ii) it “up holds and promotes a holistic and integrated approach that is firmly centered on the human dignity and integral development of every person.”

Holy See Original NDC